Obesity Dubai | Dr Ruhil Badiani | GP | 2 January 2024

Obesity in Dubai | Cornerstone Clinic

Obesity is a medical condition that is so widespread now that it has now reached epidemic proportions worldwide. It is characterized by the excessive accumulation of body fat that it has a negative impact on health. BMI is a widely used indicator of obesity and is calculated using weight in relation to height.

BMI Calculation

BMI = weight (kg) / Height² (m)

Risks of obesity  

Obesity is not only a cosmetic concern but it associated with a wide range of health problems including:

• Cardiovascular disease – obesity, especially is concentrated around the abdomen, is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Elevated cholesterol levels couples with chronic inflammation contribute to atherosclerosis leading to heart attacks and strokes.
• Diabetes, type 2 – Obesity and diabetes are closely intertwined, forming a complex relationship that significantly impacts individual health. Excess fat contributes to insulin resistance where the body becomes less responsive to insulin leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Weight management is a key aspect to the prevention and the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
• Cancer – Chronic inflammation, hormonal imbalances and changes in cellular metabolism increase the risk of cancer in those that have a raised BMI. Breast cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, kidney cancer and pancreatic cancer are just some that are strongly associated with obesity.
• Respiratory issues – restrictive lung disease is one the key consequences of obesity on the lungs. Obstructive sleep apnea is a common condition that affects those who are obese, leading to daytime fatigue and general poor health. Exacerbations of asthma are worsened with excess weight as well and reduction of weight can help with the treatment of asthma.
• Joint issues – excess weight puts pressure on joints, specifically the lower back, hips and knees. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease where the protective cover over the ends of the joints is worn away. The degeneration of the joints leads to decreased mobility and chronic pain and the damage can not be reversed.
• Poor mental health – Obesity is associated with a higher prevalence of psychological problems, including depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. Social stigma and discrimination against individuals with obesity can lead to negative body image and feelings of isolation, further impacting mental well-being.

Childhood obesity

Childhood obesity is a particularly alarming aspect of the epidemic, as it sets the stage for a lifelong struggle with weight-related issues. Factors such as poor dietary habits, lack of physical activity, and limited access to nutritious foods contribute to the rising rates of childhood obesity. The long-term consequences include an increased likelihood of developing obesity-related health problems at an early age, perpetuating the cycle into adulthood.

Treatment of obesityThe treatment of obesity involves a comprehensive and individualized approach that addresses the complex factors contributing to excess body weight. While there is no one-size-fits-all solution, various strategies encompassing lifestyle modifications, behavioral interventions, and, in some cases, medical or surgical interventions are employed.

1. Lifestyle Modifications:
   • Dietary Changes: Adopting a balanced and calorie-controlled diet is fundamental. Emphasizing whole, nutrient-dense foods and reducing the intake of processed and high-calorie foods helps in weight management.
   • Physical Activity: Regular exercise is a cornerstone of obesity treatment. Both aerobic activities and strength training contribute to calorie expenditure, improved metabolism, and overall well-being.
2. Behavioral Interventions:
   • Counseling and Support: Behavioral therapy, including counseling and support groups, can help individuals address emotional and psychological aspects related to eating habits. Identifying triggers for overeating and developing coping strategies is crucial.
   • Goal Setting: Establishing realistic and achievable goals, both short-term and long-term, promotes adherence to lifestyle changes.
3. Medical Interventions:
   • Pharmacotherapy: In certain cases, medications may be prescribed to aid weight loss. These medications work by suppressing appetite, reducing absorption of nutrients, or increasing metabolism. However, they are typically used in conjunction with lifestyle modifications and under close medical supervision.
   • Bariatric Surgery: For individuals with severe obesity and associated health risks, bariatric surgery may be considered. Procedures like gastric bypass or gastric sleeve surgery alter the digestive system, leading to significant weight loss. Bariatric surgery is usually reserved for cases where other interventions have been ineffective, and careful assessment of risks and benefits is essential.
4. Multidisciplinary Care:
   • Healthcare Team: A multidisciplinary approach involving healthcare professionals such as dietitians, psychologists, and physical therapists ensures a holistic perspective on obesity management.
   • Long-Term Monitoring: Continued monitoring and support are crucial for sustained success. Regular check-ups, adjustments to treatment plans, and addressing any relapses or challenges contribute to long-term success.

Overall, successful obesity treatment involves a combination of lifestyle changes, behavioral interventions, and, when necessary, medical or surgical options. Tailoring interventions to individual needs, providing ongoing support, and addressing underlying factors contribute to effective and sustainable weight management.

Ozempic, Wegovy and Mounjaro

Medications that are primarily used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes have become popular throughout the world to treat obesity. These medications, in addition to controlling blood glucose levels, reduce appetite, promote the feeling of fullness which contribute to weight loss. It is always advised that treating obesity with these medications are done under the supervision of the GP or Family Physician here at Cornerstone clinic as they can be associated with side effects, risks and some may have contra-indications to taking the medications.

Obesity is a multifaceted health issue with widespread implications for individuals and society as a whole. Tackling this epidemic requires a concerted effort from individuals, communities, healthcare professionals, and policymakers. By addressing the root causes, promoting healthy lifestyles, and fostering understanding and compassion, we can work towards a healthier future for generations to come.

If you are concerned about your weight and want to improve your health, book to see our family physician (GP) at Cornerstone clinic where you can discuss the various options for treatment.

2 January 2024